• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The present invention relates to a system for purifying air comprising: a modular structure, vertically stackable; micro perforated plates arranged in the lower part that allow the passage of air; vegetable panels, arranged to laterally close the modular structure, with vegetable air filtering means; a cylindrical container of water inside the modular structure; a ventilation duct defined by the plant panels and the lateral surface of the water container; and an air extractor configured to create a depression in the ventilation duct that absorbs outside air through the micro-perforated plates and extracts purified air to the exterior, as a result of direct contact with the vegetable air filtering media of the plant panels. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2704170A1
    申请号:ES201831186
    申请日:2018-12-05
    公开日:2019-03-14
    发明作者:Resendiz Jorge Adan Sanchez；Francesca Olivieri
    申请人:Universidad Politecnica de Madrid；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0001]
    [0002]
    [0003]
    [0004] OBJECT OF THE INVENTION
    [0005] The present invention relates to the technical field of urban air purification systems and more specifically to a modular tower with vegetation for the uptake and absorption of suspended particles, as well as the filtration of polluting gases (Cox, NOx and O3 among others). ).
    [0006]
    [0007] BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
    [0008] Currently, the trends of urbanization are those of concentrating the population in large cities, where the massive consumption of energy and services increases gradually, determining in turn a pollution pattern common to all the big cities. This growth of the population and the lifestyle in which we live has generated an alarming increase in air pollution, transforming the current model into an unsustainable one.
    [0009]
    [0010] The consequences of exposure to atmospheric pollutants have been demonstrated in many investigations, from which terrible effects emerge, such as exposure to PM10 (small solid or liquid particles of dust, ash, soot, metal particles, cement or pollen, dispersed in the atmosphere) is associated with a large part of deaths due to cardiovascular causes; that approximately 18 to 28% of cases of asthma in children are associated with air pollution, being these to a greater or lesser degree, depending on the type of pollutant and the time of exposure; that the majority of cases of lung cancer in nonsmokers is related to the increase in air pollution in cities; or that the increase of approximately 40% of CO2 emissions in cities is due to the increase in population, the consumption of services, the use of vehicles and the use of air conditioning systems.
    [0011] Achieving a sustainable urbanization model inevitably involves a change from the current city model to less polluted cities. This is the great problem that has been tried to solve from different angles, such as establishing low speed limits for vehicles, restricting access to sensitive areas or increasing the area destined for natural spaces in cities.
    [0012]
    [0013] One of the solutions that has been contemplated is to develop systems of vegetable modules for cleaning the air, taking advantage of the natural processes of photosynthesis carried out by plant beings. In this sense, there is a large scientific literature that describes the exchange of carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO2) that plants make for oxygen (O2), as well as the properties of leaves to capture suspended particles. (PM2.5 / 10) and absorb tropospheric ozone (O3). On the other hand, it is known the advantages of the use of the substrate for the absorption and purification of the gases that compose the atmospheric contamination (by passing the polluted air through the substrate as a biofilter). Process equivalent to that performed by the roots, or rhizosphere, in combination with other materials that increase the capacity to purify the air, such as activated carbon or other systems for air filtering.
    [0014]
    [0015] However, the plant modules known so far do not meet the concepts of practicality and scalability, because they are expensive, inefficient, and consume a lot of energy to maintain vegetation, as well as being large. Generally, the efficiency of these systems is based on the capacity of the collection and purification element, where the effects of each element are prioritized in isolation.
    [0016]
    [0017] Therefore, a solution to reduce air pollution in cities is lacking in the state of the art, improving the micro climatic conditions around it, which meets the requirements of practicality, scalability, efficiency and energy sustainability.
    [0018] DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
    [0019] In order to achieve the objectives and avoid the drawbacks mentioned above, the present invention proposes a solution of double effective purification surface, which helps to reduce air pollution in cities, improving the micro climatic conditions around it (hygrothermal and acoustic ) and, above all, allows to significantly increase the vegetation in highly paved / paved areas, improving the quality of life of citizens.
    [0020]
    [0021] For this purpose, it describes, in a first aspect, a system for purifying air comprising:
    [0022] - a modular structure, vertically stackable, defining an interior volume, where the modular structure has at least one lower module, one medium module and one upper module;
    [0023] - micro perforated plates arranged in the lower module to laterally close the interior volume, where the micro perforations allow the passage of air;
    [0024] - vegetable panels, arranged in the middle module and in the upper module, to laterally close the interior volume, where the vegetable panels have vegetable air filtering means;
    [0025] - a cylindrical container of water, arranged in the interior volume of the modular structure;
    [0026] - a ventilation duct defined by the vegetable panels and the lateral surface of the cylindrical water container; Y
    [0027] - an air extractor arranged in the upper module, configured to create a depression in the ventilation duct that absorbs outside air through the micro-perforated plates and extracts purified air to the outside, as a result of direct contact with the vegetable air filtering media of the plant panels.
    [0028]
    [0029] Thus, advantageously, the present invention purifies polluted urban air using a double surface, the outside, corresponding to the leaves of the plants, and the interior, which corresponds to the plant substrate with microorganisms that purify contaminated air and the rhizosphere, where the Efficiency is maximized thanks to the narrow ventilation duct, which forces the contact of the air flow created by the extractor with the interior walls of the vegetable panels.
    [0030] In one of the embodiments, the substrate is arranged in a plastic grid, made of recyclable material, covered with a special felt that maintains moisture. Thus, advantageously, the formation of fungi and microbes that allow the microbiological filtration of the air is favored.
    [0031]
    [0032] It is contemplated that the plant panels comprise, on its outer face, a vegetation with a large surface of leaves for the uptake of particles in air suspension. Preferably, native vegetation is available, which allows a better adaptability to the external climatic and environmental conditions.
    [0033]
    [0034] Additionally, according to one of the embodiments of the invention, the system comprises a hollow cylinder arranged on the cylindrical container of water and with the same outer diameter, so that the ventilation duct is defined internally by the space between the plant panels and a continuous surface formed by the outer surface of the container and the outer surface of the hollow cylinder.
    [0035]
    [0036] The ventilation duct preferably has a constant width greater than 5 cm and less than 10 cm. In one of the embodiments, the approximate width of the ventilation duct is 7 cm, which advantageously ensures the contact of the air flow with the colony of bacteria and roots that perform a microbiological purification.
    [0037]
    [0038] Optionally, the cylindrical water container is considered to be lined with an activated carbon fabric that filters the air passing through the ventilation duct.
    [0039]
    [0040] Additionally, it is contemplated to incorporate a photovoltaic panel for capturing solar energy and a power storage battery configured to provide power to at least the air extractor to the system of the present invention.
    [0041]
    [0042] One of the embodiments of the invention comprises irrigation control means, an irrigation pump and a timer, connected to the cylindrical water container, configured to control the irrigation of the plant panels.
    [0043] One of the embodiments of the invention comprises air quality sensing means, configured to determine an outdoor air composition and a composition of the purified air expelled by the extractor.
    [0044]
    [0045] According to one of the embodiments of the invention, the extractor and the micro-perforated plates are arranged at opposite ends of the ventilation duct, which has a cylindrical section concentric with the cylindrical container of water, which generates an air flow in spiral that enters through the micro perforated plates and is extracted by a hole in the upper module in which the extractor is arranged.
    [0046]
    [0047] Modules of the modular structure of the present invention can be stacked vertically to form structures of greater height. One of the embodiments comprises 16 modules stacked vertically.
    [0048]
    [0049] The materials of the modular structure of the present invention comprise profiles, crosspieces and plates, all of recyclable metallic material.
    [0050]
    [0051] The benefits of the double purification surface of the present invention derive from the use of vegetation on the outside of the modules, where a selection of vegetation provides a large surface of leaves for the uptake of suspended particles and increases the exchange of dioxide. carbon (CO2) by oxygen (O2) in the processes of photosynthesis of plants, while simultaneously, inside the modules, the joint effect of the rhizosphere and the bacteria that inhabit the moist substrate perform a microbiological purification.
    [0052]
    [0053] Among the advantageous technical effects produced by the modules for cleaning the urban air of the present invention, the efficient relationship achieved between purification and surface occupation in the plant stands out, since the vertical stacking of the modules, combined with the double catchment surface , absorption and purification of external contamination, maximizes this relationship.
    [0054] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
    [0055] To complete the description of the invention and in order to help a better understanding of its characteristics, according to a preferred embodiment of the same, there is attached a set of drawings wherein, for illustrative and not limitative, have been represented the following figures:
    [0056]
    [0057] - Figure 1 represents a particular embodiment of a disassembled modular metal tower of the present invention.
    [0058]
    [0059] - Figure 2 represents the modular metal tower of an embodiment of the invention, with detail of the ventilation duct and the air flow.
    [0060]
    [0061] - Figure 3 represents a view of a particular embodiment of a modular metal tower of the present invention.
    [0062]
    [0063] DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION
    [0064] The present invention discloses a method and a system that improves the limitations of the state of the art from a modular and efficient proposal for the uptake, absorption and purification of polluted air, thanks to a double purification surface (biological on the outside and microbiological on inside). Thus, in a preferred embodiment of the invention, a plant surface is arranged outside the system for the uptake of particles and the exchange of carbon dioxide for oxygen, the result of photosynthesis of the plants, and a microbiological purification zone formed by the substrate and the rhizosphere through the interior of the system, which allows to absorb and purify the polluting gases in a more efficient way.
    [0065]
    [0066] The present invention maximizes the efficiency of the vegetation located on the outer surface, of the roots or rhizosphere contained in the inner part, of the microbiological purification by the organisms contained in the substrate and of the additional filters for purification of the air, allowing them to act at the same time and under constant working conditions that, on the one hand, increase the amount of recruitment and purification and, on the other hand, prepare the ideal conditions for the growth and development of the three elements organic (plants, microbiological fauna of the substrate and the rhizosphere), supported by the incorporation of fibers and textiles that collaborate in the purification of polluted air.
    [0067]
    [0068] For this, according to a particular embodiment shown in Figure 1, the present invention comprises a modular metal tower 20, composed of several plant modules 8 for air purification, which are adaptable to climatic and ecological conditions prioritizing the use of native vegetation . The modular tower of vegetation, for the purification of atmospheric contamination, is composed of a vertical and modular system of steel divided functionally in the following three differentiated sections:
    [0069] - a lower section, intended for air collection, consisting of a base plate 1 of 10mm metal, welded to four tubular profiles 2 square section, with a support function, with measures of 800mm in height and 100mm each thickness. The lower section is closed vertically on all four sides thanks to grids or microperforated plates 4 that allow access to the air. This first section is anchored to the support surface (preferably on concrete) by means of fixing bolts 3;
    [0070]
    [0071] - an intermediate section, configured to be installed on the lower section, composed of a modular element (although several of them can also be stacked) comprising four tubular profile frames and a square section of 1m high and 100m thick, designed to continue the line of the tubular profiles of the lower section, to which they are joined by small tubular profiles 5 that are inserted inside both and make connectors. The frames are fastened metal crosspieces 6 and angular profiles 7, which support the plant modules 8, which in this embodiment have dimensions of 500x500mm; Y
    [0072]
    [0073] - an upper section, configured to be installed on the intermediate section, composed of a modular element such as those of the intermediate section, made from tubular profile frames with a square section of 1m high and 100m thick, to which They hold metal crosspieces and angular profiles that support the vegetation modules of 500x500mm dimensions. The difference with the intermediate section is concentrated in the upper elements of the module, where a cover 9 is provided consisting of a 5mm thick metal plate, arranged on connectors 10 inserted in the frames, to crown the module and close the system The cover has a hole in its central part for the placement of an air extractor 12 able to circulate the air inside the tower, for example 7,000 liters / hour in one of the embodiments, and optionally a photovoltaic panel. To protect the extractor and the interior of the tower, side covers 11 are provided on the sides of the extractor, on which a protective cover 13 rests.
    [0074]
    [0075] The sections are joined vertically by means of connectors (5, 10) of tubular profile and square section of 90mm of thickness, which allow to screw each section and increase the rigidity of the structure.
    [0076]
    [0077] The modular metal tower 20 houses in its interior a battery, a metal bench 14 of 44x44cm on one side and 40 cm in height, which serves as the base for a tank of water 15 in the form of a cylinder of 43 cm in diameter and 121 cm in height , on which a new hollow cylinder 16 of 43 cm in diameter is placed, to maintain the continuity of the water tank and force the circulation of air through a ventilation duct 21 of 7 cm in thickness. The hollow cylinder is lined by a textile 17 of activated carbon.
    [0078]
    [0079] The ventilation duct 21 is laterally delimited by the outer wall of the water container 15, continued by the hollow cylinder 16, and the interior wall of the plant modules 8, which contains the rhizosphere and the wet felt containing the substrate of the vegetable modules. The direction of air circulation inside the duct is forced by the extractor 12 disposed in the upper part of the upper section of the modular tower, so that the air enters through the perforated grids 4 arranged in the lower section and runs through the vent duct 21, shown in figure 2, until being expelled in the upper section by the extractor. In that path, the air is purified by the effect of the present invention.
    [0080]
    [0081] The system of the present invention optimizes the surface of capture, purification and filtration of the gases and particles that compose the atmospheric contamination, which can be described in internal and external processes of capture, purification and filtration.
    [0082] Regarding the external processes, the present invention uses a modular system of vegetation, preferably native, which prioritizes the use of plants with large catchment area, for the deposition of particles in suspension, as well as the gaseous exchange that occurs with the processes of photosynthesis This process is natural and is favored and enhanced by a fertilization design that keeps the plants in the most favorable conditions.
    [0083]
    [0084] As for the internal processes, in the present invention the following three key factors that multiply the efficiency of the purification system are involved:
    [0085]
    [0086] - firstly, the vegetable modules comprise plastic grids covered by a felt that maintains a high humidity inside the substrate, favoring the formation of fungi and microbes that will allow a microbiological filtration of the air;
    [0087] - second, a felt of 2 mm thickness, according to one of the embodiments, made with a mixture of recycled materials (being able to be, but not limited to, high density polypropylene or a plastic material of the same physical conditions) that allows the roots to pass through and may be in contact with the ventilation duct through which polluted air passes. The dark conditions and a high relative humidity enhance the growth of the rhizosphere outside the plant modules, multiplying the capacity for uptake, absorption and purification of polluted air; Y
    [0088]
    [0089] - thirdly, the flow of air circulation, represented in figure 2, is especially advantageous to take advantage of the configuration of the present invention, since, the grid, or perforated plate, arranged in the lower part of the tower, allows to the present invention absorb (22) contaminated air. Once inside the tower, the air flow is forced to ascend (23) through the ventilation duct thanks to the effect of the air extractor. In addition, the air flow ascends in a spiral around the ventilation duct until it is expelled (24) by the upper part of the tower, where the extractor 12 is located. The ventilation duct has a relatively small width, preferably 7 cm , between the wall of the substrate and that of the inner water tank in the form of a cylinder. The width is kept limited to benefit the constant contact of the air that passes through the module with the walls of the duct ventilation throughout the tour of the interior of the tower, multiplying the efficiency of the system.
    [0090]
    [0091] Therefore, the double capture-depuration surface of the tower of the present invention, considerably increases the efficiency of the system compared with other technological innovations of the state of the art, since an embodiment of the invention, for example, with a tower of vegetation of 2.8 meters of height and 0.49 m2 of surface in plant, they integrate 4 m2 of vegetation, which result in 8 m2 of surface for capture of capture (4m2 of exterior vegetation and 4m2 of microbiological filter by the interior). Thus, the action of the external vegetation, mainly effective for the capture of suspended particles, is combined with the action of the internal ventilation duct through which the absorbed air circulates, in the form of an ascending spiral, forcing pollutants into permanent contact with the rhizosphere and the wet felt that contains the substrate (rich in fungi and microbes that serve to absorb and purify pollutant gases) maximizing the efficiency of the system for the collection, absorption and purification of contaminated air.
    [0092]
    [0093] The present invention is also energy-efficient, since its small electrical needs can be covered by installing a photovoltaic panel and a battery to power the extractor, the timer and the pump that regulates air quality and irrigation. The irrigation system, besides being powered by renewable energies, has a water container that allows the system to operate autonomously for several days, in case the water supply is interrupted.
    [0094]
    [0095] The urban air cleaning modules of one of the embodiments of the invention are easy and quick to install, occupying only a floor area of 0.49 m2. They are adaptable to micro climatic conditions, since the use of local vegetation is prioritized, reducing the use of energy and water to keep the system running.
    [0096]
    [0097] The light metal structure, as well as the perforated plates or grids used, are 100% recyclable, which reduces the carbon footprint at the end of the module's life cycle.
    [0098] Obviously, all the above measures are included exclusively to illustrate one of the embodiments, but the described elements forming part of the modular metal tower of the present invention are not limited to said measurements, but all of them can be varied and still achieve similar properties structural In fact, the system of the present invention is easily scalable.
    [0099]
    [0100] The present invention should not be limited to the embodiment described here. Other configurations may be made by those skilled in the art in view of the present disclosure. Accordingly, the scope of the invention is defined by the following claims.
    权利要求:
    Claims (13)
    [1]
    1. System for purifying air characterized by comprising:
    - a modular structure (20), vertically stackable, defining an interior volume, where the modular structure has at least one lower module, one medium module and one upper module;
    - micro perforated plates (4) arranged in the lower module to laterally close the interior volume, where the micro perforations allow the passage of air;
    - vegetable panels (8), arranged in the middle module and in the upper module, to laterally close the interior volume, where the vegetable panels have vegetable air filtering means;
    - a cylindrical water container (15), arranged in the interior volume of the modular structure;
    - a ventilation duct (21) defined by the vegetable panels and the lateral surface of the cylindrical water container; Y
    - an air extractor (12) arranged in the upper module, configured to create a depression in the ventilation duct that absorbs outside air by the micro-perforated plates and extracts purified air to the exterior, as a result of direct contact with the filtering means of vegetable air from the vegetable panels.
    [2]
    2. System according to claim 1 wherein the vegetable filter media of the plant panels comprise, on its inside, a rhizosphere and a plant substrate with microorganisms that purify contaminated air.
    [3]
    System according to claim 2, wherein the substrate is arranged in a plastic grid covered with a felt that maintains moisture.
    [4]
    4. System according to any of the preceding claims wherein the plant panels comprise, on its outer face, a vegetation with a large surface area of leaves for the capture of particles in air suspension.
    [5]
    System according to any of the preceding claims, which also comprises a hollow cylinder (16) arranged on the container and with the same outer diameter, so that the ventilation duct is defined internally by the space between the plant panels and a continuous surface formed by the outer surface of the container and the outer surface of the hollow cylinder.
    [6]
    System according to any of the preceding claims wherein the ventilation duct has a constant width greater than 5 cm and less than 10 cm.
    [7]
    System according to any of the preceding claims wherein the container is lined with an activated carbon fabric (17) that filters the air passing through the ventilation duct.
    [8]
    System according to any of the preceding claims, further comprising a photovoltaic panel for capturing solar energy and a power storage battery configured to provide power to at least the air extractor.
    [9]
    9. System according to any of the preceding claims further comprising irrigation control means, an irrigation pump and a timer, connected to the cylindrical water container, configured to control the irrigation of the plant panels.
    [10]
    10. System according to any of the preceding claims which further comprises air quality sensing means, configured to determine an outdoor air composition and a composition of the purified air expelled by the extractor.
    [11]
    System according to any of the previous claims wherein the extractor and the micro-perforated plates are arranged at opposite ends of the ventilation duct, to generate a flow of spiral air that enters through the micro-perforated plates and is extracted by an orifice of the upper module in which the extractor is disposed.
    [12]
    System according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the modular structure comprises a plurality of vertically stacked middle modules between the lower module and the upper module.
    [13]
    13. System according to any of the preceding claims wherein the modular structure comprises pillars (2) profiles (7), crossbars (6) and plates (4, 9, 11), all of recyclable metal material.
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    同族专利:
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    引用文献:
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    WO2003059037A2|2002-01-17|2003-07-24|Vertigro Israel Ltd.|A method and apparatus for improving the quality of indoor air|
    ES2334968A1|2009-10-08|2010-03-17|Universidad Politecnica De Madrid|Protective closure for building facades. |
    CN101990834A|2010-10-14|2011-03-30|江素霞|Low-carbon oxygen-generating solar wind-power intelligentized ecological-plant indoor and outdoor air displacer|
    CN104350969A|2014-11-22|2015-02-18|殷建华|Indoor air biological purifying system|
    EP3172960A1|2015-11-25|2017-05-31|Aircleanup|Modular pollution-removing plant wall|
    CN106594915A|2016-11-07|2017-04-26|同济大学|Air purifying green bio-filter system combined with primary air system|
    CN207836268U|2017-11-22|2018-09-11|豪尔赫·阿丹·桑切斯·瑞珊德兹|The vertical green plant implant system of environmental protection|ES2832578A1|2020-11-20|2021-06-10|Univ Madrid Politecnica|MODULAR PANEL FOR VERTICAL GARDENING AND SYSTEM INCLUDING SUCH PANEL |
    法律状态:
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    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
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